AREAS OF USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LAW
AREAS OF USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LAW
Artificial intelligence is a field where we have begun to feel a transformative impact on our business life as its area of application has expanded in recent years. Artificial intelligence is defined as systems/machines that possess the quality of repeatedly improving themselves by utilizing data obtained through the use of human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is explained as the imitation of behaviors that possess human intelligence by robot or computer systems. Artificial intelligence systems are capable of exhibiting behaviors associated with human intelligence, such as planning, learning, reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation, perception, motion and manipulation, and to a lesser extent, social intelligence and creativity.
If we are to mention the history of artificial intelligence; the discovery of a set of rules to obtain rational results by Aristotle and the construction of the first self-controlling, rational, yet non-reasoning machine by Ctesibius of Alexandria in 250 BC are accepted as the first references in history to the idea of artificial intelligence. When we evaluate it in terms of the skills accepted today by the technology world, research also shows that the concept of artificial intelligence was born thanks to electromechanical devices produced due to cryptoanalysis requirements during World War II.
The founding father of artificial intelligence is Alan Mathison Turing, who sparked the debate by posing the question, "Can machines think?" The term artificial intelligence was first used in 1956 at the Dartmouth Conference by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, and Claude Shannon. Scientists defined artificial intelligence as any task performed by a machine that was previously thought to require human intelligence.
The areas of application for artificial intelligence have expanded significantly. As we know from our daily lives, there are examples of the use of artificial intelligence in both daily life and the business world, ranging from voice-activated personal assistants like Siri to behavioral algorithms with effective predictive capabilities and autonomous vehicles. We also see that artificial intelligence is used in online shopping. Retail and e-commerce are among the leading areas of use where artificial intelligence applications touch end-users the most. For example, product recommendations on your Amazon account consist of a real-time application of complex artificial intelligence algorithms to determine which products consumers are more likely to purchase. Artificial intelligence applications are increasingly being used in e-commerce, especially to improve the consumer experience. Chatbots on e-commerce sites, which are among the most common areas of use for artificial intelligence in Turkey, are programmed to provide instant responses to general customer questions.
As in every field, artificial intelligence is developing and finding areas of application in the healthcare sector as well. Today, it is used for many various healthcare services, including the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, medical imaging, drug management, drug discovery, and robotic surgery. The contribution of artificial intelligence technologies developed by giant companies such as Microsoft, Google, Apple, and IBM to the healthcare sector is of great importance. For example, IBM's Watson application suggests treatment alternatives for a patient by analyzing a set of structured and unstructured data that may be critical for selecting a treatment plan. Similarly, a platform called "Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery" (AIDD), developed by the biopharma company NuMedii, utilizes big data and artificial intelligence to detect the link between diseases and drugs.
Another area where artificial intelligence is used is the finance sector. With the spread of artificial intelligence applications, the Banking and Financial Services sector is showing great development and change. In the use of financial services and in many other business relationships, human intermediaries are being replaced by intelligent software robots to process credit applications in seconds. Furthermore, Robo-financial advisors can analyze multiple levels of data in a very short time to recommend correct investment decisions to customers. AI-based chatbots are used in the insurance industry to improve customer experience and create insurance plans and product recommendations based on customer data. In addition to all these efforts, economic experts are trying to predict future economic patterns through the analysis of available data.
We also see that artificial intelligence finds application in the field of logistics and transportation. The logistics and transportation industry is also transforming its business processes with artificial intelligence. The use of machine learning and predictive analytics has transformed supply chain management, making it a fast process. Large companies use AI-powered robots to classify and pack products in their warehouses. Additionally, AI algorithms are increasingly being used to find the fastest shipping routes. On the other hand, the spread of driverless vehicles is a major development and change in the transportation sector. Although applications in this field are still in the research and trial stage in many countries, it is thought that the entire process will become safer with the realization of AI-based autonomous driving.
The importance and advantages of artificial intelligence today are quite numerous. The fact that the amount of data produced by both humans and machines is increasing exponentially every day makes it difficult for companies to make decisions based on this data. At this point, artificial intelligence forms the basis of all computer learning and takes the role in all complex decision-making processes away from human power and gives it to robot workers. Artificial intelligence systems, where the probability of making mistakes is very low, are extremely effective in calculating the relevant combinations and permutations to reach the best decision in a business process. With the developments in machine learning and deep learning, it is foreseen that artificial intelligence technologies will take the lead in all decision-making mechanisms in the business world in the near future. The advantages that artificial intelligence applications bring to all business processes, independent of industry, are quite numerous. First of all, artificial intelligence, which allows for saving the time spent to perform a task, eases the workload for existing resources with multi-tasking support. It enables the execution of complex tasks without high costs. Artificial intelligence robots capable of working 24/7 without interruption have been developed. It also increases the productivity of employees performing different tasks in business processes. In addition to this, while having mass market potential, it also increases its usability across sectors. Artificial intelligence used in business processes is made faster and smarter, simplifying decision-making processes.
The development of artificial intelligence in the legal field has become one of the most important issues of the 21st century. Artificial intelligence continues to develop, spread, deepen, and diversify today. Legal issues related to artificial intelligence, which has begun to execute options in commercial business relationships, require more knowledge every day about the basic structures and operating principles of these systems. It is thought that a correct understanding of the reflections of this information in the world of law can only be achieved by recognizing the social dimension of the concepts of communication and information. Thanks to the unknowability of the secret functioning of the codes with multiple unknowns, it will also necessitate that the information suggested by an artificial intelligence system, which could spiral out of control and whose framework cannot be regulated, and its possible effects be accepted by the legal expert. Advancements in artificial intelligence pose new challenges to existing laws and create serious ethical problems. The power and complexity of artificial intelligence are increasing significantly and continuously, and legal regulations are needed to bring this technology under control. A transparent and standardized regulation is of great importance for artificial intelligence to be subject to appropriate legal regulation and supervision. Recently, numerous initiatives consisting of various actors ranging from the technology industry to international and regional organizations, and from universities to non-governmental organizations, have focused on creating ethical frameworks for the design and implementation of artificial intelligence solutions. Beyond calls for more regulation for artificial intelligence by international organizations and stakeholders in civil society, new legal regulations, especially regarding privacy, should be made for the protection of data through public and private sector cooperation. The first national laws for autonomous software have begun to be enacted by some countries. The first law specific to robots was enacted in 2011. Nevada in the USA became the first state to pass a law containing regulations on driverless robotic cars in June 2011. The law in question granted the Nevada Department of Transportation rule-making authority to regulate testing, safety, and ultimately the presence on the roads of "autonomous vehicles" using sensors such as artificial intelligence and GPS sensors and lasers. Nevada officials enacted this law by holding meetings with automobile manufacturers, Google, insurance companies, and consumer groups, as should be the case with a similar procedure in every regulation to be made in the field of artificial intelligence. It is believed that artificial intelligence will facilitate human life to an incredible extent and serve humanity with its ability to perform tasks correctly and at great speed. For this reason, an in-depth analysis of the impact that such technology will have on the legal world seems essential. Robotic technology, which contributes significantly to the field of artificial intelligence, is evolving toward the development of the ability to take automatic action. Like every major innovation in our daily lives, the encouraging or growth-hindering effect of the application of legal rules that are also in question for artificial intelligence emerges as a form of interaction between law and technology. It is important that every step taken by the law to protect the superior interests of the parties, especially against unforeseen risks regarding artificial intelligence, be handled and decided in the light of multi-dimensional evaluations to be carried out with the broadest participation of all relevant sciences, experts, and affected parties. Care must be taken to ensure that the regulatory interventions to be made remain at dimensions that meet the security needs of people while not hindering the steps in this field that is still developing. For artificial intelligence systems, law has a two-way relationship, both as a field where it can produce solutions and in terms of ensuring that the process of solutions produced in other fields is controlled and reliable. Artificial intelligence applications, such as the classification of written court decisions or finding relevant court precedents from keywords, not only affect the administration of justice but also create a need to find legal answers to the problems caused by artificial intelligence, such as data protection or determining types of liability for artificial intelligence. Today, thanks to the e-government system, there is legal data about citizens. The healthy processing and protection of this data will only be possible with efficient artificial intelligence technology. For this reason, managing the big data in the hands of the public is of vital importance, and determining public policies and practices by analyzing them in a healthy way and obtaining useful inferences appears as the priority of institutions. With artificial intelligence, the world is about to enter a new era. In such an era, what should be paid particular attention to is that artificial intelligence should be established on a legal foundation and regulated with the help of law, which takes the contribution of other relevant disciplines.
Attorney Gizem GONCE & Attorney Aylin Esra EREN